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Witch Trial History Year Early History 672-738ca Bede wrote the History of English, documenting Christianity in England, referring to in the Malleus Maleficarum. Year 13th Century 1224 German Emperor Frederick II created the first official law ordering everyone guilty of heresy to be burned at the stake. 1228 The French King Louis IX orders his authorities to be very strict on the heresy laws. Anyone helping a heretic would be punished. 1233 Pope Gregory IX issues the first Papal ordinance focused on witchcraft. 1252 Pope Innocentius IV, officially approves the rack as a method of torture. 1261 Bernard Gui (an inquisitor in Toulousel, France) authors Practica Inquisitionis, the Inquisitor's Manual, describing the Inquisitorial Techniques. Year 14th Century 1324 - 1325 Witch Trial of Dame Alice Kyteler, Ireland. 1376 Publication of Directorium inquisitorium. Directions for the Inquisition by a Domenican Monk. Year 15th Century 1431 Joan of Arc burned at the stake in Rouen. 1459 The horrors of Vlad Dracula, the Impaler. 1484 1492 Reign of Pope Innocentius VIII. 1484 Pope Innocent VIII issues Summis Desiderantes Affectibus, officially approving Kramer and Sprenger, the authors of the Malleus Maleficarum (The Witches Hammer) and encouraging their work as Inquisitors, in Germany. 1485 The Inquisitor of Como. 1486 Maximilian I, Emperor of Germany and King of the Romans signs papers in Brussels giving permission to Sprenger and Kramer to conduct witch trials. 1489 Publication of De Lamiis et Phitonicis Mulieribus by Ulrich Molitor. 1493 1541 Paracelsus, who was a physician, claimed that he learned his craft from an old witch. Year 16th Century 1515 to 1588 German physician Dr. Johannes Weyer (Weir) believed most witches were melancholy mentally disturbed old women, incapable of harm. He further stated that the belief in witchcraft was caused by the devil. He wrote the De Praestigiis Daemonum making him one of the first sceptical authors on Witchcraft.The book was denounced by Jean Bodin. 1529 1596 French Judge Jean Bodin, wrote De la Demonomanie des Sorciers claiming that those who denied the existence of witches were themselves witches. 1530 1616 French Lawyer Nicholas Remy writes Demonaltry against witches and sites 128 cases. 1542 King Henry VIII Witchcraft Act was the bill against conjurations, witchescraftes, sorcery and enchantmentes. 1545 The word occult first appeared in the Oxford English Dictionary, and it meant that which is hidden or is beyond the range of ordinary apprehension and understanding. 1562 Elizabethan Witchcraft Act against conjuracions, inchauntmentes and witchecraftes. 1566 The Chelmesford Witches. 1584 The Discoverie of Witchcraft published by demonologist Reginald Scot suggesting that maybe witches didn't' really exist. It was also one of the first of these books written in English. 1590 1591 The North Berwick Witches. Year 17th Century 1603 King James I Witchcraft Act against conjuration, witchcraft, and dealinge with evil and wicked spirits. 1608 Publication of the Compendium Maleficarum by Francesco Maria Guazzo. 1627 1628 Burning executions in Wurzburg, Germany. 1 1644 1646 Witch-finder General Matthew Hopkins reigns over counties of Essex, Suffolk, Norfolk, Cambridgeshire, Huntingdonshire and Bedfordshire in England. 1645 1692 New England Witch trials, including that of Margaret Jones. 1646 Select Cases of Conscience Touching Witches and Witchcraft by John Gaule condemned witchcraft, but also the practices of witch-hunters. 1647 Matthew Hopkins' The Discovery of Witches is published, wherein he defended himself and his profession. 1648 Confirmation and Discovery of Witch-Craft by John Stearne. 1663 1728 Cotton Mather defends the trials and executions in New England writing the Memorable Providence Relating to Witchcrafts and Possessions. 1669 Witch Trials in Mora, Sweden. 87 women and children are executed. 1692 Salem Witch Trials: 18 were were hung and a dog was executed. Year 18th Century 1705 Witch trial in Northamptonshire; Elinor Shaw and Mary Phillips executed for Witchcraft. 1735 Witchcraft Act of 1735 repealed Act Against Conjuration, Witchcraft, and Dealing with Evil and Wicked Spirits made in the first year of the reign of King James the First. Also repealed was the Act Against Conjurations, Inchantments, and Witchcrafts. 1782 Last witch was burned in Europe. 1782 Anna Goeldi, hanged at Glaris in Switzerland.   Year 19th Century     Year 20th Century 1921 Margaret Murrary publishes Witch-Cult in Western Europe in which she states that witchcraft appears to be the ancient religion of Western Europe, and could be traced to "pre-Christian times." 1929 Montague Summers writes introductions for old books used for Inquisition praising their works. 1949 Rosaleen Norton arrested giving Australia its last witch trial because of her obscene art exhibits. 1951 Witchcraft laws of England are repealed. 1954 The publication of Witchcraft Today and The Meaning of Witchcraft by Gerald Gardner. He claimed to have been initiated into a tradition that had fragments of the Old Religion that had been passed down for generations. 1975 Zsuzsanna Budapest publishes the Book of Light and Shadows and introduces the world to her family's Hungarian witchcraft. 1979 Margot Adler published Drawing Down The Moon" and Starhawk published The Spiral Dance. 1994 Rita Radcliffe of Kenton, Ohio lost custody of her three foster children because she was Wiccan. 1995 StarDawn of Battefield, Missouri was fired from a nursing position after explaining why she was making arrangements to work Thanksgiving in exchange for having Spring Equinox off. Today Women, are being killed as witches in South Africa.